Militant Insurgency

In the early 21st century, India is experiencing unprecedented economic growth. The middle class is becoming more prosperous and numerous, the cities are rapidly expanding. But to fuel this economic boom, raw materials are being extracted by mining corporations at an ever‐increasing rate from mineral‐rich states in north central India inhabited by people who can claim to be the oldest dwellers in the land. These non‐Hindu tribal groups, known as Adivasi, have traditionally worshipped nature and maintained spiritual connections to ancestral territory where they have lived for thousands of years. Yet few Adivasi hold paper deeds to their land. As mining spreads, Adivasi are being displaced into resettlement camps or urban slums, dispossessed of their heritage and surviving as scavengers on the periphery of mines where they once hunted or farmed.

A growing economic gap between urban and rural India, and the so‐called “resource curse” of a rich land but poor people, is leading to militant insurgency in the countryside and prompting debate within the Indian government and beyond. Should India continue on its centralised model of development? Can the rights of Adivasi to continue living according to their ancient traditions be accommodated in the new India?